Abstract Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) is a super-fruit with high ascorbic acid content and its quality can be highly affected by the genetic and environmental conditions. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the influence of genetic variability on acerola quality traits. It was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) recommendations. PubMed, Scopus and SciELO electronic databases were searched using terms acerola, selection, and genotypes. 29 studies were selected after assessing articles for eligibility criteria, which reported data on 22 quality parameters. A high genetic diversity was observed for all quality traits. Soluble solids and ascorbic acid contents are the main parameters determined in studies with acerola. Titratable acidity, SS/TA ratio and pH are also evaluated in most studies. Different studies have already identified possible genotypes for use in acerola breeding programs based on fruit quality, both for launching new cultivars and for use as parents in crosses. Our review is a useful basis for acerola breeding programs and germplasm conservation. Future studies are required to further identify and quantify bioactive compounds in acerolas of different genotypes.

Aqueous Two Phase Systems (ATPS) composed of 2-propanol + inorganic salt (Na2SO4/MgSO4) + water, at different temperatures T = (20, 30, 40 and 50) °C were applied in the partition studies of the textile dyes Yellow, Blue Royal and Red Dianix CC. The thermodynamic parameters of the free transfer energy (∆Gtr), enthalpy (∆Htr) and entropy (∆Str), respectively, were determined for dye partitioning, using the Van’t Hoff equation. The values of the partition coefficients of textile dyes Yellow, Royal Blue and Red Dianix CC, ranged from 14.21 to 1610.00, 15.15 to 994.00 and 17.32 to 311.75, respectively; and with dye extraction yields ranging from 93.17 to 99.93; 94.53 to 99.89 and 97.19 to 99.64, respectively. Based on the ∆Gtr results, it was verified that the dyes partition process was thermodynamically spontaneous, in all evaluated systems. For the 2-propanol + sodium sulfate ATPS, there was a prevalence of the enthalpic contribution over the entropic contribution (∆Htr > ∆Str), while for the 2-propanol + magnesium sulfate systems, a greater predominance of the entropic contribution was observed (∆Htr < ∆Str). The recovery yields (Y) values obtained were above 90% for all systems.

Abstract The α-amylase enzyme was produced by solid state fermentation (SSF) and its partition behavior in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems (ATPS) was determined using systems consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and potassium phosphate buffer. To determine the best conditions for α-amylase production, a central composite design was constructed for two independent variables: fermentation time and moisture content, and for the partition study, a face-centered central composite design (CCF) with four independent variables: PEG molecular weight, pH, temperature and partition time. It was indicated that the best enzyme production conditions were a fermentation time of 35.0 hours and 45.7% moisture content. From the results obtained, it was found that increasing the polymer molecular weight promotes a reduction of the enzyme concentration in the upper phase, increasing its concentration in the lower phase. It was also observed that the partition coefficients increased with increasing pH values and a reduction in temperature.

Porous carbons have received great attention because of their potential use as adsorbents, sensors, catalytic supports and others. Among the available methods for preparing these solids, the sequential templating emerges as an efficient way to tail carbon materials, with large specific surface areas, high porosity, controlled narrow pore size distribution and different functional groups. The template process is based on the infiltration of carbon precursors into the pores of inorganic frameworks. This work reviews the most important variables involved in the sequential template process to prepare micro, meso and macroporous carbon with tailored properties as well as their applications.